20 research outputs found

    Flauncher and DVMS -- Deploying and Scheduling Thousands of Virtual Machines on Hundreds of Nodes Distributed Geographically

    Get PDF
    International audienceAlthough live migration of virtual machines has been an active area of research over the past decade, it has been mainly evaluated by means of simulations and small scale deployments. Proving the relevance of live migration at larger scales is a technical challenge that requires to be able to deploy and schedule virtual machines. In the last year, we succeeded to tackle such a challenge by conducting experiments with Flauncher and DVMS, two frameworks that can respectively deploy and schedule thousands of virtual machines over hundreds of nodes distributed geographically across the Grid'5000 testbed

    SODA-IIoT4ConnectedCars: Spread updates between cars with limited Internet access

    Get PDF
    International audienceA blockchain infrastructure, combined with cryptographic signatures, can improve availability and accountability for the deployment of IoT updates.However, cars with limited or intermittent Internet access may have difficulties in downloading full updates fromthe blockchain. Therefore, we allow cars that successfully downloaded updates to share them with other cars by means of a Peer-to-Peer (P2P) mechanism

    Vers une gestion coopérative des infrastructures virtualisées à large échelle (le cas de l'ordonnancement)

    Get PDF
    Les besoins croissants en puissance de calcul sont gĂ©nĂ©ralement satisfaits en fĂ©dĂ©rant de plus en plus d ordinateurs (ou noeuds) pour former des infrastructures distribuĂ©es. La tendance actuelle est d utiliser la virtualisation systĂšme dans ces infrastructures, afin de dĂ©coupler les logiciels des noeuds sous-jacents en les encapsulant dans des machines virtuelles. Pour gĂ©rer efficacement ces infrastructures virtualisĂ©es, de nouveaux gestionnaires logiciels ont Ă©tĂ© mis en place. Ces gestionnaires sont pour la plupart hautement centralisĂ©s (les tĂąches de gestion sont effectuĂ©es par un nombre restreint de nƓuds dĂ©diĂ©s). Cela limite leur capacitĂ© Ă  passer Ă  l Ă©chelle, autrement dit Ă  gĂ©rer de maniĂšre rĂ©active des infrastructures de grande taille, qui sont de plus en plus courantes. Au cours de cette thĂšse, nous nous sommes intĂ©ressĂ©s aux façons d amĂ©liorer cet aspect ; l une d entre elles consiste Ă  dĂ©centraliser le traitement des tĂąches de gestion, lorsque cela s avĂšre judicieux. Notre rĂ©flexion s est concentrĂ©e plus particuliĂšrement sur l ordonnancement dynamique des machines virtuelles, pour donner naissance Ă  la proposition DVMS (Distributed Virtual Machine Scheduler). Nous avons mis en Ɠuvre un prototype, que nous avons validĂ© au travers de simulations (notamment via l outil SimGrid), et d expĂ©riences sur le banc de test Grid 5000. Nous avons pu constater que DVMS se montrait particuliĂšrement rĂ©actif pour gĂ©rer des infrastructures virtualisĂ©es constituĂ©es de dizaines de milliers de machines virtuelles rĂ©parties sur des milliers de nƓuds. Nous nous sommes ensuite penchĂ©s sur les perspectives d extension et d amĂ©lioration de DVMS. L objectif est de disposer Ă  terme d un gestionnaire dĂ©centralisĂ© complet, objectif qui devrait ĂȘtre atteint au travers de l initiative Discovery qui fait suite Ă  ces travaux.The increasing need in computing power has been satisfied by federating more and more computers (called nodes) to build the so-called distributed infrastructures. Over the past few years, system virtualization has been introduced in these infrastructures (the software is decoupled from the hardware by packaging it in virtual machines), which has lead to the development of software managers in charge of operating these virtualized infrastructures. Most of these managers are highly centralized (management tasks are performed by a restricted set of dedicated nodes). As established, this restricts the scalability of managers, in other words their ability to be reactive to manage large-scale infrastructures, that are more and more common. During this Ph.D., we studied how to mitigate these concerns ; one solution is to decentralize the processing of management tasks, when appropriate. Our work focused in particular on the dynamic scheduling of virtual machines, resulting in the DVMS (Distributed Virtual Machine Scheduler) proposal. We implemented a prototype, that was validated by means of simulations (especially with the SimGrid tool) and with experiments on the Grid 5000 test bed. We observed that DVMS was very reactive to schedule tens of thousands of virtual machines distributed over thousands of nodes. We then took an interest in the perspectives to improve and extend DVMS. The final goal is to build a full decentralized manager. This goal should be reached by the Discovery initiative,that will leverage this work.NANTES-ENS Mines (441092314) / SudocSudocFranceF

    Towards Better Availability and Accountability for IoT Updates by means of a Blockchain

    Get PDF
    International audienceBuilding the Internet of Things requires deploying a huge number of devices with full or limited connectivity to the Internet. Given that these devices are exposed to attackers and generally not secured-by-design, it is essential to be able to update them, to patch their vulnerabilities and to prevent hackers from enrolling them into botnets. Ideally, the update infrastructure should implement the CIA triad properties, i.e., confidentiality, integrity and availability. In this work, we investigate how the use of a blockchain infrastructure can meet these requirements, with a focus on availability

    Adding Virtualization Capabilities to Grid'5000

    Get PDF
    Ce rapport rĂ©visĂ© a fait l'objet d'une publication, voir hal-00946971Almost ten years after its premises, the Grid'5000 testbed has become one of the most complete testbed for designing or evaluating large-scale distributed systems. Initially dedicated to the study of High Performance Computing, the infrastructure has evolved to address wider concerns related to Desktop Computing, the Internet of Services and more recently the Cloud Computing paradigm. This report present recent improvements of the Grid'5000 software and services stack to support large-scale experiments using virtualization technologies as building blocks. Such contributions include the deployment of customized software environments, the reservation of dedicated network domain and the possibility to isolate them from the others, and the automation of experiments with a REST API. We illustrate the interest of these contributions by describing three different use-cases of large-scale experiments on the Grid'5000 testbed. The first one leverages virtual machines to conduct larger experiments spread over 4000 peers. The second one describes the deployment of 10000 KVM instances over 4 Grid'5000 sites. Finally, the last use case introduces a one-click deployment tool to easily deploy major IaaS solutions. The conclusion highlights some important challenges of Grid'5000 related to the use of OpenFlow and to the management of applications dealing with tremendous amount of data.Dix ans environ aprĂšs ses prĂ©misses, la plate-forme Grid'5000 est devenue une des plates-formes les plus complĂštes utilisĂ©e pour la conception et l'Ă©valuation de systĂšmes distribuĂ©s Ă  grande Ă©chelle. DĂ©diĂ©e initialement au calcul Ă  haute performance, l'infrastructure a Ă©voluĂ© pour supporter un ensemble de problĂšmes plus vaste liĂ©s au calcul de type Desktop, l'internet des objets et plus rĂ©cemment l'informatique dans les nuages (aussi appelĂ© Cloud Computing). Ce rapport prĂ©sente les amĂ©liorations rĂ©centes apportĂ©es au logiciels et pile de services pour supporter les expĂ©rimentations Ă  grande Ă©chelle utilisant les technologies de virtualisation comme blocs de base. Nos contributions incluent le dĂ©ploiement d'environnements logiciels customisĂ©s, la rĂ©servation de domaines rĂ©seaux dĂ©diĂ©s et la possibilitĂ© de les isoler entre eux, et l'automatisation des expĂ©rimentations grĂące Ă  une API REST. Nous illustrons l'intĂ©rĂȘt de ces contributions en dĂ©crivant trois expĂ©riences Ă  large Ă©chelle sur la plate-forme Grid'5000. La premiĂšre expĂ©rience utilise des machines virtuelles pour conduire des expĂ©rimentations de grande taille sur 4000 pairs. La seconde expĂ©rience dĂ©crit le dĂ©ploiement de 10000 instances KVM sur 4 sites Grid'5000. Enfin le dernier exemple prĂ©sente un outil de dĂ©ploiement simple pour dĂ©ployer des solutions de Cloud de type IaaS. La conclusion discute de prochains dĂ©fis importants de Grid'5000 liĂ©s Ă  l'utilisation d'OpenFlow et Ă  la gestion d'applications gĂ©rant des grandes masses de donnĂ©es

    Adding Virtualization Capabilities to Grid'5000

    Get PDF
    Ce rapport rĂ©visĂ© a fait l'objet d'une publication, voir hal-00946971Almost ten years after its premises, the Grid'5000 testbed has become one of the most complete testbed for designing or evaluating large-scale distributed systems. Initially dedicated to the study of High Performance Computing, the infrastructure has evolved to address wider concerns related to Desktop Computing, the Internet of Services and more recently the Cloud Computing paradigm. This report present recent improvements of the Grid'5000 software and services stack to support large-scale experiments using virtualization technologies as building blocks. Such contributions include the deployment of customized software environments, the reservation of dedicated network domain and the possibility to isolate them from the others, and the automation of experiments with a REST API. We illustrate the interest of these contributions by describing three different use-cases of large-scale experiments on the Grid'5000 testbed. The first one leverages virtual machines to conduct larger experiments spread over 4000 peers. The second one describes the deployment of 10000 KVM instances over 4 Grid'5000 sites. Finally, the last use case introduces a one-click deployment tool to easily deploy major IaaS solutions. The conclusion highlights some important challenges of Grid'5000 related to the use of OpenFlow and to the management of applications dealing with tremendous amount of data.Dix ans environ aprĂšs ses prĂ©misses, la plate-forme Grid'5000 est devenue une des plates-formes les plus complĂštes utilisĂ©e pour la conception et l'Ă©valuation de systĂšmes distribuĂ©s Ă  grande Ă©chelle. DĂ©diĂ©e initialement au calcul Ă  haute performance, l'infrastructure a Ă©voluĂ© pour supporter un ensemble de problĂšmes plus vaste liĂ©s au calcul de type Desktop, l'internet des objets et plus rĂ©cemment l'informatique dans les nuages (aussi appelĂ© Cloud Computing). Ce rapport prĂ©sente les amĂ©liorations rĂ©centes apportĂ©es au logiciels et pile de services pour supporter les expĂ©rimentations Ă  grande Ă©chelle utilisant les technologies de virtualisation comme blocs de base. Nos contributions incluent le dĂ©ploiement d'environnements logiciels customisĂ©s, la rĂ©servation de domaines rĂ©seaux dĂ©diĂ©s et la possibilitĂ© de les isoler entre eux, et l'automatisation des expĂ©rimentations grĂące Ă  une API REST. Nous illustrons l'intĂ©rĂȘt de ces contributions en dĂ©crivant trois expĂ©riences Ă  large Ă©chelle sur la plate-forme Grid'5000. La premiĂšre expĂ©rience utilise des machines virtuelles pour conduire des expĂ©rimentations de grande taille sur 4000 pairs. La seconde expĂ©rience dĂ©crit le dĂ©ploiement de 10000 instances KVM sur 4 sites Grid'5000. Enfin le dernier exemple prĂ©sente un outil de dĂ©ploiement simple pour dĂ©ployer des solutions de Cloud de type IaaS. La conclusion discute de prochains dĂ©fis importants de Grid'5000 liĂ©s Ă  l'utilisation d'OpenFlow et Ă  la gestion d'applications gĂ©rant des grandes masses de donnĂ©es

    Toward cooperative management of large-scale virtualized infrastructures : the case of scheduling

    No full text
    Les besoins croissants en puissance de calcul sont gĂ©nĂ©ralement satisfaits en fĂ©dĂ©rant de plus en plus d’ordinateurs (ou noeuds) pour former des infrastructures distribuĂ©es. La tendance actuelle est d’utiliser la virtualisation systĂšme dans ces infrastructures, afin de dĂ©coupler les logiciels des noeuds sous-jacents en les encapsulant dans des machines virtuelles. Pour gĂ©rer efficacement ces infrastructures virtualisĂ©es, de nouveaux gestionnaires logiciels ont Ă©tĂ© mis en place. Ces gestionnaires sont pour la plupart hautement centralisĂ©s (les tĂąches de gestion sont effectuĂ©es par un nombre restreint de nƓuds dĂ©diĂ©s). Cela limite leur capacitĂ© Ă  passer Ă  l’échelle, autrement dit Ă  gĂ©rer de maniĂšre rĂ©active des infrastructures de grande taille, qui sont de plus en plus courantes. Au cours de cette thĂšse, nous nous sommes intĂ©ressĂ©s aux façons d’amĂ©liorer cet aspect ; l’une d’entre elles consiste Ă  dĂ©centraliser le traitement des tĂąches de gestion, lorsque cela s’avĂšre judicieux. Notre rĂ©flexion s’est concentrĂ©e plus particuliĂšrement sur l’ordonnancement dynamique des machines virtuelles, pour donner naissance Ă  la proposition DVMS (Distributed Virtual Machine Scheduler). Nous avons mis en Ɠuvre un prototype, que nous avons validĂ© au travers de simulations (notamment via l’outil SimGrid), et d’expĂ©riences sur le banc de test Grid’5000. Nous avons pu constater que DVMS se montrait particuliĂšrement rĂ©actif pour gĂ©rer des infrastructures virtualisĂ©es constituĂ©es de dizaines de milliers de machines virtuelles rĂ©parties sur des milliers de nƓuds. Nous nous sommes ensuite penchĂ©s sur les perspectives d’extension et d’amĂ©lioration de DVMS. L’objectif est de disposer Ă  terme d’un gestionnaire dĂ©centralisĂ© complet, objectif qui devrait ĂȘtre atteint au travers de l’initiative Discovery qui fait suite Ă  ces travaux.The increasing need in computing power has been satisfied by federating more and more computers (called nodes) to build the so-called distributed infrastructures. Over the past few years, system virtualization has been introduced in these infrastructures (the software is decoupled from the hardware by packaging it in virtual machines), which has lead to the development of software managers in charge of operating these virtualized infrastructures. Most of these managers are highly centralized (management tasks are performed by a restricted set of dedicated nodes). As established, this restricts the scalability of managers, in other words their ability to be reactive to manage large-scale infrastructures, that are more and more common. During this Ph.D., we studied how to mitigate these concerns ; one solution is to decentralize the processing of management tasks, when appropriate. Our work focused in particular on the dynamic scheduling of virtual machines, resulting in the DVMS (Distributed Virtual Machine Scheduler) proposal. We implemented a prototype, that was validated by means of simulations (especially with the SimGrid tool) and with experiments on the Grid’5000 test bed. We observed that DVMS was very reactive to schedule tens of thousands of virtual machines distributed over thousands of nodes. We then took an interest in the perspectives to improve and extend DVMS. The final goal is to build a full decentralized manager. This goal should be reached by the Discovery initiative,that will leverage this work

    Vers une gestion coopérative des infrastructures virtualisées à large échelle : le cas de l'ordonnancement

    Get PDF
    The increasing need in computing power has been satisfied by federating more and more computers (called nodes) to build the so-called distributed infrastructures. Over the past few years, system virtualization has been introduced in these infrastructures (the software is decoupled from the hardware by packaging it in virtual machines), which has lead to the development of software managers in charge of operating these virtualized infrastructures. Most of these managers are highly centralized (management tasks are performed by a restricted set of dedicated nodes). As established, this restricts the scalability of managers, in other words their ability to be reactive to manage large-scale infrastructures, that are more and more common. During this Ph.D., we studied how to mitigate these concerns ; one solution is to decentralize the processing of management tasks, when appropriate. Our work focused in particular on the dynamic scheduling of virtual machines, resulting in the DVMS (Distributed Virtual Machine Scheduler) proposal. We implemented a prototype, that was validated by means of simulations (especially with the SimGrid tool) and with experiments on the Grid’5000 test bed. We observed that DVMS was very reactive to schedule tens of thousands of virtual machines distributed over thousands of nodes. We then took an interest in the perspectives to improve and extend DVMS. The final goal is to build a full decentralized manager. This goal should be reached by the Discovery initiative,that will leverage this work.Les besoins croissants en puissance de calcul sont gĂ©nĂ©ralement satisfaits en fĂ©dĂ©rant de plus en plus d’ordinateurs (ou noeuds) pour former des infrastructures distribuĂ©es. La tendance actuelle est d’utiliser la virtualisation systĂšme dans ces infrastructures, afin de dĂ©coupler les logiciels des noeuds sous-jacents en les encapsulant dans des machines virtuelles. Pour gĂ©rer efficacement ces infrastructures virtualisĂ©es, de nouveaux gestionnaires logiciels ont Ă©tĂ© mis en place. Ces gestionnaires sont pour la plupart hautement centralisĂ©s (les tĂąches de gestion sont effectuĂ©es par un nombre restreint de nƓuds dĂ©diĂ©s). Cela limite leur capacitĂ© Ă  passer Ă  l’échelle, autrement dit Ă  gĂ©rer de maniĂšre rĂ©active des infrastructures de grande taille, qui sont de plus en plus courantes. Au cours de cette thĂšse, nous nous sommes intĂ©ressĂ©s aux façons d’amĂ©liorer cet aspect ; l’une d’entre elles consiste Ă  dĂ©centraliser le traitement des tĂąches de gestion, lorsque cela s’avĂšre judicieux. Notre rĂ©flexion s’est concentrĂ©e plus particuliĂšrement sur l’ordonnancement dynamique des machines virtuelles, pour donner naissance Ă  la proposition DVMS (Distributed Virtual Machine Scheduler). Nous avons mis en Ɠuvre un prototype, que nous avons validĂ© au travers de simulations (notamment via l’outil SimGrid), et d’expĂ©riences sur le banc de test Grid’5000. Nous avons pu constater que DVMS se montrait particuliĂšrement rĂ©actif pour gĂ©rer des infrastructures virtualisĂ©es constituĂ©es de dizaines de milliers de machines virtuelles rĂ©parties sur des milliers de nƓuds. Nous nous sommes ensuite penchĂ©s sur les perspectives d’extension et d’amĂ©lioration de DVMS. L’objectif est de disposer Ă  terme d’un gestionnaire dĂ©centralisĂ© complet, objectif qui devrait ĂȘtre atteint au travers de l’initiative Discovery qui fait suite Ă  ces travaux

    Cooperative Dynamic Scheduling of Virtual Machines in Distributed Systems

    No full text
    International audienceCloud Computing aims at outsourcing data and applications hosting and at charging clients on a per-usage basis. These data and ap- plications may be packaged in virtual machines (VM), which are them- selves hosted by nodes, i.e. physical machines. Consequently, several frameworks have been designed to manage VMs on pools of nodes. Unfortunately, most of them do not efficiently address a common objective of cloud providers: maximizing system utilization while ensuring the quality of service (QoS). The main reason is that these frameworks schedule VMs in a static way and/or have a centralized design. In this article, we introduce a framework that enables to schedule VMs cooperatively and dynamically in distributed systems. We evaluated our prototype through simulations, to compare our approach with the cen- tralized one. Preliminary results showed that our scheduler was more reactive. As future work, we plan to investigate further the scalability of our framework, and to improve reactivity and fault-tolerance aspects

    Operating Systems and Virtualization Frameworks: From Local to Distributed Similarities

    No full text
    International audienceVirtualization technologies radically changed the way in which distributed architectures are exploited. With the contribution of VM capabilities and with the emergence of IaaS platforms, more and more frameworks tend to manage VMs across distributed architectures like operating systems handle processes on a single node. Taking into account that most of these frameworks follow a centralized model – where roughly one node is in charge of the management of VMs – and considering the growing size of infrastructures in terms of nodes and VMs, new proposals relying on more autonomic and decentralized approaches should be submitted. Designing and implementing such models is a tedious and complex task. However, as well as research studies on OSes and hypervisors are complementary at the node level, we advocate that virtualization frameworks can benefit from lessons learnt from distributed operating system proposals. In this article, we motivate such a position by analyzing similarities between OSes and virtualization frameworks. More precisely, we focus on the management of processes and VMs, first at the node level and then on a cluster scale. From our point of view, such investigations can guide the community to design and implement new proposals in a more autonomic and distributed way
    corecore